Connecting The Research and Reality of Endometriosis with Allyson Bontempo, Ph.D.

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Connecting The Research and Reality of Endometriosis with Allyson Bontempo, Ph.D.
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Join us for a powerful episode with Dr. Allison Bontempo, postdoctoral research fellow at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, as we uncover the complexities of endometriosis and the lived experiences of those affected. With a personal connection to the disease, Dr. Bontempo transformed a class project into a groundbreaking global study involving thousands, shedding light on the significant diagnostic delays that patients endure.

In this episode, we explore the critical role of patient-provider communication in shaping both mental and physical health outcomes. Dr. Bontempo shares insights into how the dismissal of patient experiences impacts care and how her research is bridging the gap between clinical practices and patient needs. We dive deep into ethical considerations, balancing personal experiences with professional research, and the power of inclusivity in medical studies.

Discover how social media is amplifying diverse patient voices, and learn about innovative tools, like new measures to assess perceived invalidation in healthcare, that aim to drive meaningful change. Dr. Bontempo also discusses the importance of community and collaboration in advancing the care of chronic illnesses, emphasizing the need for continued education among clinicians.

This episode is a must-listen for anyone invested in improving healthcare outcomes for endometriosis and other chronic conditions. It’s more than just a conversation—it’s a call to action to contribute to research that can change lives and reshape the future of compassionate healthcare.

https://www.allysoncbontempo.com/
@acbontempo

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Website endobattery.com

Instagram: EndoBattery

Researching Endometriosis and Patient Experiences

Alanna
0:03

Welcome

to

EndoBattery
,

where

I

share

about

my

endometriosis

and

adenomyosis

story

and

continue

learning

along

the

way
.

This

podcast

is

not

a

substitute

for

professional

medical

advice

or

diagnosis
,

but

a

place

to

equip

you

with

information

and

a

sense

of

community
,

ensuring

you

never

have

to

face

this

journey

alone
.

Join

me

as

I

navigate

the

ups

and

downs

and

share

stories

of

strength
,

resilience

and

hope
.

While

navigating

the

world

of

endometriosis

and

adenomyosis
,

from

personal

experience

to

expert

insights
,

I'm

your

host
,

alana
,

and

this

is

EndoBattery

charging

our

lives

when

endometriosis

drains

us
.

Welcome

back

to

EndoBattery
.

Grab

your

cup

of

coffee

or

your

cup

of

tea

and

join

me

at

the

table
.

Alanna
0:46

Today
.

I'm

thrilled

to

be

joined

by

Dr

Allison

Bontempo
,

a

postdoctoral

research

fellow

in

the

Department

of

Pediatrics

at

Rutgers

Robert

Wood

Johnson

Medical

School
.

Dr

Bontempo

holds

a

PhD

and

an

MA

in

health

communication

from

Rutgers

University
,

along

with

a

bachelor's

in

science

and

psychology

and

English

writing

from

Sacred

Heart

University
.

Along

with

a

bachelor's

in

science

and

psychology

and

English

writing

from

Sacred

Heart

University
,

her

research

centers

on

improving

the

patient

experience
,

with

the

focus

on

three

key

areas

diagnostic

error
,

the

patient-clinician

relationship

and

patient

support

networks
,

including

online

communities
.

She's

doing

incredible

work
,

exploring

how

relationships

between

patients

and

clinicians
,

as

well

as

broader

support

networks
,

shape

the

patient

journey
,

especially

around

issues

of

diagnosis
.

Please

help

me

in

welcoming

Dr

Allison

Bontempo

to

the

table
.

Thank

you
,

allison
,

so

much

for

joining

me

today

and

I

just

appreciate

you

taking

the

time

out

of

your

schedule

to

sit

down

with

me

and

kind

of

discuss

your

story

and

what

you're

doing

and

everything

else

that

has

kind

of

come

to

the

surface

with

research
.

So

thank

you

for

joining

me
,

thank

you
.

Allyson
1:51

Thank

you

so

much

for

having

me
,

alana
.

I'm

really

excited

to

be

here

and

I

enjoy

talking

about

my

work
,

especially

in

spaces

where

patients

have

access
,

because
,

you

know
,

I

think

they're

the

primary

stakeholders

of

this

work

and
,

ultimately
,

I

think

they're

the

primary

stakeholders

of

this

work

and
,

ultimately
,

I

think

it

needs

to

reach

them
.

So

thank

you

for

your
,

for

your

podcast

and

for

delivering

it

to

patients
.

Alanna
2:12

Oh
,

absolutely
.

I

love

doing

this

and

I

hope

that

it

is

helpful

for

many
.

But

you

have

done

amazing

work

so

far

and

I

just

want

to

first

of

all

say

thank

you

for

seeing

the

invisible

illness

is

not

invisible

and

working

towards

that
.

What

initially

drew

you

to

study

endometriosis

in

women's

health

or

chronic

illnesses
?

Allyson
2:32

Yeah
,

so

I

was

part

of

a

master's

program

at

Rutgers

University

and

I

had

recently

had

my

I

think

it

was

my

first

excision

surgery

for

endometriosis

had

my

I

think

it

was

my

first

excision

surgery

for

endometriosis

and

I

wasn't

somebody

who

had

a

delayed

diagnosis
,

which

is

like

amazingly

rare
,

but

it

was

a

disease

that

I

could

connect

with
.

So

in

one

of

my

classes

about

computer

mediated

communication
,

I

decided

to

apply

my

health

focus

so

I

chose

endometriosis

and

then
,

in

the

context

of

mediated

communication
,

so

you

know
,

developing

a

proposal

for

examining

online

community

use

of

individuals

with

endometriosis
.

And

I

hadn't

really

searched

the

literature

before

and

you

know

I

had

to

for

this

project

and

I

came

across

this

one

article

I

think

it's

called

like

the

therapeutic

affordances

of

online

communities

for

women

with

endometriosis

or

something

like

that

and

it

was

talking

about

this

delay

that

was

nine
,

10

years
,

and

I

was

like

that's

so

kind

of

bananas

again
,

like

I

hadn't

experienced

it
,

but

I

didn't

realize

it

was

such

a

problem
.

And

then

that

led

me

to

another

study

and

to

another

study

and

I

just

kept

reading

about

it
.

And

then

I

started

reading

which

often

happens

in

the

context

of

diagnostic

error

is
,

you

know
,

the

communication

that

takes

place

between

patients

and

clinicians
,

and

so

I

was

finding
,

you

know
,

correspondingly

during

this

time
,

patients

were

often

feeling

like

their

symptoms

were

dismissed
.

So

I

put

together

a

proposal

which

was

the

assignment

for

the

class
,

and

the

professor
,

you

know
,

not

with

a

health

background
,

but

she

was

like

you

can

actually

like

do

this
.

So

I

designed

the

study
.

I

did

it

during

my

master's

and

I

feel

like

there's

a

lot

more

research

out

now

Patients

themselves

doing

endometriosis

research
,

because

I

guess

nobody

else

will
.

But

so

so

I

feel

like

that

first

study

was

at

a

time

where

there

wasn't

as

much

study
,

because

I

feel

like

I

see

a

lot

more

advertising

for

studies

on

social

media

now
.

Allyson
4:34

But

this

was

back

in

like

2017
.

Allyson
4:38

And

I

had

reached

out

to

a

bunch

of

enemy

triosis

organizations

asking

if

they

could

advertise

a

study
.

Allyson
4:44

And

you

know
,

I

got

like

a

few

hundred

in

the

first

hour

and

it

was

across

40

different

countries
.

I

was

like

praying

for

like

150

because

for

certain
,

like

analysis
,

like

you

need

to

have

a

certain

amount

to

detect

if

there's

a

correlation

between

two

things
.

And

then

I

got

like

easily

150

in

the

first

hour

and

I

got

I

think

it

was

like

1700

patients
,

and

then

in

the

comments
,

like

I

had

a

comment

section

at

the

end

Is

there

anything

else

that

you

want

to

share

about

your

experiences
?

In

case

I

missed

something
,

that

was

important

and

not

really

expecting

patients

to

fill

it

out
,

but

half

the

patients
,

after

completing

a

20

to

30

minute

survey
,

went

on

to

talk

more

about

their

experiences

and

it

just

felt

like

there's

such

a

need

for

people

to

do

research

in

this

area

and

I

didn't

realize

how

desperately

it

was

needed
.

But

it

was

almost

like

that

survey

was

a

forum

for

patients

to

feel

heard

where

historically

they

haven't

felt

heard

by

the

medical

community

Not

that

I'm
,

you

know
,

a

medical

person

myself
,

but

just

institutionally

I

guess
.

Alanna
5:46

Yeah
.

Allyson
5:47

So

you

know
,

when

patients

thanked

me

in

their

comments

and

I

was

like
,

well
,

that's

not

how

research

is

supposed

to

work
,

I

should

be

thanking

you

for

your

time

I

did

a

little

gift

card

raffle
,

but

they

did

this

on

their

own

time
.

Essentially

After

that
,

I

was

like

I

really

want

this

and

I

was

like
,

am

I

going

to

go

for

a

PhD

now
?

So

I

can
,

you

know
,

continue

doing

this
.

But

it

was

really

that

study

and

that

response

to

that

study

that
,

once

I

got

a

taste

of

it
,

you

know
,

I

just

love

being

able

to

do

this

and

feel

like

I'm

helping

people
,

even

if

it's

just

providing

an

outlet

or

a

forum

for

them

to

feel

heard

and

feel

respected

and

feel

like

they

are

important
.

Alanna
6:28

Well
,

and

I

think

that's

so

important

because

many

of

us

have

had

the

experience

of

not

feeling

important
,

like

what

we're

going

through

isn't

validated

because

it's

not

real
,

you

can't

see

it

and

it's

really

misunderstood
.

How

do

you

do

research

for

endometriosis

when

it's

widely

misunderstood
,

not

only

by

the

providers

but

the

patient
?

Allyson
6:47

You

know
,

that's

the

thing

too
,

is
.

You

know
,

in

my

research

I

left

it

open

to

patient
.

Yeah
,

I

didn't

say
,

like

you

have

to

have

this

endometriosis

diagnosis
.

So

for

one

thing
,

I

didn't

exclude

those

patients

because
,

again
,

historically

a

lot

of

these

patients

have

felt

excluded
.

I

felt

dismissed

and

getting

diagnosis

for

other

conditions

other

than

endometriosis
,

and

so

I

tried

to

apply

that

to

endometriosis
,

even

though

you

know

I

have

endometriosis

as

well
,

and

then

I

also

used

the

literature

to

see

what

was

going

on
,

and

I

learned

so

much

from

patients

from

that

first

study

and

every

study
.

Allyson
7:24

I've

learned

you

know

what

language

to

use
,

how

to

speak

to

them

really
,

because

many

of

whom

are

traumatized
,

and

so

it's

just

like

very

delicate

when

you're

recruiting

for

your

study
,

when

you're

corresponding

with

patients

and

participants
,

so

that's

something

that

I

do

as

well
.

And

then

also

when

it

came

to

drafting

up

my

manuscripts

for

my

papers
.

So

my

first

paper

that

I

published

from

my

first

study
,

I

had

reached

out

to

the

Center

for

Endometriosis

Care
.

I

think

it

was

Heather

Guidon

who

responded

and

basically

I

was

like

hey
,

I'm

writing

this

paper

about

patients

and

misdiagnosis

and

I'm

not

an

MD
.

Would

you

be

willing

to
,

or

you

and

one

of

your

clinicians
,

look

over

this

to

make

sure

I

have

the

science

correct

and

experiences

correct
?

And

so

I
.

That

was

another

technique

that

I

have

used

A

lot

of
.

My

work

isn't

really

too

technical
,

but

that

one

was
.

So

it

was

important

that

for

a

misunderstood

disease
,

like

you

were

saying
,

that

I

didn't

potentially

perpetuate

any

misunderstandings

about

the

disease
.

Alanna
8:33

That's

important

when

we

were

looking

at

research
.

And

you

know

I've

gotten

into

looking

at

more

research

and

trying

to

understand

research

better

and

I

think

that

what

is

really

interesting

and

something

that

I

commend

you

for
,

is

reaching

out

to

other

people

to

make

sure

it

is

accurate
,

Because

I

feel

like

there's

oftentimes

in

the

medical

research

world

where

they

don't

necessarily

go

for

complete

accuracy

as

much

as

they

go

for

what

they

want

to

have

as

their

outcome
.

Like

they

test

for

their

outcome
.

Their

hypothesis

is

this
,

they're

going

to

test

for

that
,

but

if

they

don't

have

the

base

of

the

hypothesis

correct
,

is

the

research

really

validated

or

are

they

skewing

words
?

And

I

think

that

that's

so

important
.

Alanna
9:12

And

obviously

I

don't

look

at

how

everyone

does

their

research
,

but

there

are

studies

and

there

are

researchers

out

there

that

take

the

approach

of

making

sure

that

they

encompass

everyone

within

a

certain

community

or

broader
,

to

give

a

better

picture
,

have

better

numbers
,

have

better

outcomes

for

their

research
,

and

it's

actual

research

and

not

just

looking

at

you

know

what

they

want

to

achieve
.

You

know
,

and

it

sounds

like

that's

kind

of

how

you

even

started

was

just

by

simply

asking

questions

and

it

kind

of

blossomed

and

bloomed

into

something

bigger

than

what

you

had

anticipated
.

What

are

some

things

that

you

took

away

from

that

initial

study

that

really

blew

your
?

Allyson
9:49

mind
.

I

think

endometriosis

organizations

realize

the

value

of

this

work
.

I

mean

because

these

are

conversations

that

have

been

happening

in

these

communities

for

so

long
.

I

wasn't

just

trying

to

bring

it

into

the

academic

sphere

for

a

different

audience
,

for

clinicians

who

could

come

across

it

right

who

aren't

part

of

these

organizations
.

So

I

was

grateful

that

they

were

willing

to

advertise

the

study

for

me

because

I

was

like
,

if

I

advertise

it

myself
,

like

what

credibility

do

I

have
?

Especially

because

I

was

a

master's

student
.

It

was

my

first

ever

study

that

I

had

conducted
,

so

nobody

knew

my

name
.

Allyson
10:24

So

their

receptiveness

was
,

I

would

say
,

a

first

sign

that

this

was

research

that

was

needed
.

And

then
,

fast

forwarding

again

to

what

I

was

saying

before
,

was

I

like

I

had

to

do

double

take

when

I

saw

how

many

patients

were

completing

the

survey

and

I

was

like
,

is

this
?

Comes

some

kind

of

like

bot

thing

happening
?

But

I

was

going

through

the

data

as

it

was

coming

in
,

especially

because

so

many

people

wrote

responses

to

the

open-ended

question
.

I'm

like

these

are

real

people

and

it

was

very

hard

for

me

to

do

when

I

first

started

doing

it
,

especially

going

through

those

qualitative

open-ended

responses
,

and

they

actually

made

me

tear

up

when

I

was

going

through

them
.

Allyson
11:02

One

that

always

sticks

out

in

my

mind

is

I

think

it

was

something

along

the

lines

of

thank

you

for

caring

about

us
.

We

are

a

drowning

population
.

No

patient

should

have

to

feel

like

that
.

So

just

reading

like

this

sense

of

desperation
,

even

just

like

please

do

something

or

help

us
.

I'm

not

an

MD
,

you

know
.

That's

not

my

area

to

improve

the

diagnosis

per

se

or

the

treatment

of

endometriosis
.

Alanna
11:28

Did

that

propel

you

to

continue

doing

that

research
?

Is

that

what

was

like

the

catalyst

to

like
?

We've

got

to

research

this

more

and

ask

the

patients

Because
,

sure
,

the

medical

side

of

it

and

understanding

endometriosis

from

the

medical

side

is

important
,

but

if

you

don't

understand

the

patients
,

then

I

feel

like

you're

missing

a

whole

key

to

complete

and

comprehensive

care

for

endometriosis
.

Allyson
11:48

You

know
,

they

just

sounded

so

desperate

and

just

helpless

and

that

just

kind

of

really

stuck

with

me
.

But

my

email

address

was

on

the

advertisement

because
,

you

know
,

per

the

ethics

board
,

that's

something

that

you

have

to

provide

patients

for

emailing

me

thanking

me

for

doing

this
.

I'm

just

like

how

bad

of

a

spot

is

endometriosis

that

we're

in

this

place
,

and

so

I

just

was

like

somebody

has

to

do

it

and

I'm

kind

of

in

a

position

where

I

can

do

it
,

so

like

I

guess

I'll

do

it
.

You

know

I'll

take

it

on
.

It's

been

rewarding

to

feel

like

I

can

help

patients
,

you

know
,

especially

because

prior

to

being

in

the

master's

program

and

then

this

PhD

program
,

I

was

in

another

PhD

program

for

a

year

in

clinical

psychology

and

I

wanted

to

be

a

licensed

clinical

psychologist

and

I

wanted

to

help

people
.

Patient-Provider Communication and Medical Ethics

Allyson
12:38

And

due

to

endometriosis

slash

poor

recovery

from

endometriosis

slash

other

chronic

health

conditions
,

I

just

was

not

recovering

well
.

I

needed

to

move

back

to

where

my

support

system

largely

was

and

that

kind

of

crushed

my

dreams
.

And

once

I

did

the

survey

and

I

saw

how

appreciated

it

was
,

I

felt

like
,

okay
,

maybe

I

can

help

people

in

another

way

that

is

just

as

or

maybe

even

more

meaningful

than

what

I

had

initially

set

out

to

do

in

that

other

program
.

Alanna
13:07

Yeah
,

you

validated

something

that

they

hadn't

had

validated

before
,

that

it

was

completely

ignored

or

invisible
.

Alanna
13:14

You

know
,

they

say

endometriosis

is

an

invisible

illness

and

when

you

bring

it

to

light

it's

no

longer

invisible
,

right
?

Alanna
13:20

And

so

when

you're

bringing

some

of

these

things

that

these

patients

are

experiencing

or

going

through
,

it's

no

longer

invisible

and

you

feel

seen
,

you

feel

heard
,

you

feel

validated
,

and

that

means

the

world

to

patients
,

because

we're

so

used

to

not

having

that

and

not

being

the

center

of

research

and

not

being

the

center

of

what

we

are

going

through

on

a

daily

basis
.

Alanna
13:41

And

I

think

the

impact

of

that

is

substantial
.

And

I

would

even

say

this

why

I

think

your

work

is

so

important

and

why

I

think

that

we've

needed

this

forever

is

because

there

are

oftentimes

providers

aren't

necessarily

listening

to

the

patient

and

if

there's

actual

research

behind

what

these

patients

are

saying

and

it's

not

just

one

patient
,

it's

not

just

the

whiny

patient

or

the

drug

seeking

patient

is

what

they're

thinking
,

if

they're

seeing

that

this

is

across

the

board
,

will

that

narrative

change

in

care
?

And

it's

not

just

one

patient
,

it's

not

just

the

whiny

patient

or

the

drug

seeking

patient

is

what

they're

thinking
.

If

they're

seeing

that

this

is

across

the

board
?

Will

that

narrative

change

in

care
?

And

that's

why

I

think

the

research

that

you're

doing

is

so

impressive

and

so

important
,

because

it

gives

voice

to

the

patients

in

a

way

that

hasn't

been

available

as

much

yeah
.

Allyson
14:19

I

mean

to

me

it's

like
,

okay
,

this

is

all

like

discourse

that

I've

heard

from

being

part

of

these

communities

already
,

but
,

like

you

said
,

it's

something

that

providers

probably

haven't

heard
.

And

I

mean
,

what

patient

wants

to

mention

that

to

a

doctor

that

they

don't

have

a

good

relationship

with
?

Or

they

see

one

time

and

then

they

don't

see

again
,

so

they

don't

end

up

learning

really

what

the

issue

is
?

So

one

area

that

I'm

really

interested

in

although

it'll

take

some

training
,

a

lot

of

resources

is

I

want

to

demonstrate

that

communication
,

the

communication

that

patients

and

clinicians

have

with

each

other
,

have

perhaps

direct

but

even

indirect

effects

on

patients
,

certainly

mental

health
,

but

also

their

physical

health
.

You

know

there

are

some

studies

showing

that

patient-centered

communication

is

associated

with

reduced

blood

pressure

not

necessarily

in

endometriosis
.

Allyson
15:12

but

you

know

in

patients

generally

that

hurtful

communication

not

in

the

patient-clinician

relationship

but

in

like

in

romantic

partners
,

hurtful

communication

is

associated

with

some

inflammatory

markers

and

endometriosis

is

inflammatory
.

Allyson
15:30

A

clinicians

should

care

about

this

anyway
,

but

if

they

don't
,

if

we

can

speak

their

language

and

say
,

hey
,

you're

actually

doing

harm

to

patients

by

doing

this

I'm

hoping

that

more

of

them

will

be

persuaded

to

care

about

this

issue

how

they

relate

to

patients
.

So
,

yeah
,

again
,

not

to

invalidate

how

it

makes

patients

feel

isn't

important

enough
.

I'm

also

trained

in

persuasive

communication
,

so

that's

that

part

of

my

brain

that's

saying

like
,

how

do

we

get

this

target

audience

to

care

about

something
?

Because

a

lot

of

times

they'll

say
,

oh

well
,

like

mental

health

is

not

my

thing
,

or

like

psychology

is

not
,

like

that's

for

psychologists
.

But

if

we

say
,

well
,

physical

health

is

your

realm
,

isn't

it
?

You

know
,

and

if

we

could

show

this
,

then

it

would

be
,

I

think
,

super

great

to

be

able

to

show

that
.

So

I'm

early

in

my

career
,

but

at

some

point

down

the

line
,

that's

something

that

I

would

like

to

do
.

Alanna
16:25

I

feel

like

there's

a

huge

correlation

in

that
.

Though

I

think

if

you

talk

to

endometriosis

patients

and

you

know

I

talk

to

quite

a

few

and

almost

all

of

them

they're

like

I'm

in

a

flare
.

If

you

ask

what's

going

on

in

your

life
,

most

of

the

time

there

is

a

heightened

state

of

stress

or

concern

or

something's

going

on

and

it

causes

this

flare

to

just

spike
.

I

believe

there's

a

huge

correlation

in

that
,

and

I

think

if

you

talk

to

a

lot

of

providers

who

deal

with

this

day

in

and

day

out
,

they

would

say

the

same

thing

is

that

the

words

that

are

said
,

the

things

that

people

say

in
,

like

you

said
,

in

relationships

but

not

only

patient

provider

relationships
,

but

within

the

household

make

huge

difference

on

overall

health

outcomes
.

That

would

be

a

fascinating

study
.

I

think

that

would

be
.

I'll

be

here

for

that
.

You

can

ask

me

any

of

those

questions

you

want
.

Allyson
17:14

Allison
.

But

yeah
,

I

mean
,

the

hope

is

always

that

you

want

clinicians

to

care

anyway

about

how

you're

feeling

and

a

lot

of

times

I

think

patients

can

become

jaded

because

that's

just

not

their

experience
.

Or

you

grow

up

until

you
,

you

know
,

going

in

for

an

ear

infection

or

strep

throat

or

you

know
,

for

something

acute

like

that
.

It's

a

lot

more

cut

and

dry
,

but

with

chronic

diseases
,

especially

invisible

illnesses's

a

lot

more

cut

and

dry
,

but

with

chronic

diseases
,

especially

invisible

illnesses
,

it's

less

cut

and

dry
.

So

just

really

being

able

to

communicate

with

them

in

a

way

that

gets

them

to

care

about

this

issue
.

Alanna
17:53

Although

you're

doing

like

the

more

patient
,

how

that

correlates

with

their

health

and

their

experiences
.

We

also

know

that

medical

research

is

what

perpetuates

some

of

the

care

that

these

patients

get
.

Do

you

think

that

there's

ethical

concerns

with

that
,

especially

with

endometriosis
?

Have

you

seen

the

result

of

that
?

Allyson
18:10

Well
,

I

will

say

the

number

one

reason

for

medical

malpractice

claims

are

patients'

relationships

with

clinicians
.

Claims

are

patients'

relationships

with

clinicians
?

No
,

absolutely
.

There's

ethical
.

I

mean
,

you

know

the

oath

do

no

harm

is

just

not

being

upheld
.

And

you

know
,

patients

reasonably

become

disillusioned

with

the

healthcare

system

and

don't

want

to

engage

with

the

healthcare

system

because

it

triggers

anxiety

and

trauma

and

shame

and

embarrassment
.

That's

something

that

I'm

working

on

right

now

is

a

review

of

155

studies

or

something

like

that
,

not

just

of

endometriosis

but

endometriosis

included
,

but

looking

at

the

psychological

and

healthcare

related

harm

of

what

I

call

symptom

and

ventilation
,

which

is
,

I

guess
,

a

form

of

medical

gaslighting

that

you

know
,

I

know

a

lot

of

patients

use
.

But

yeah
,

I

mean
,

if

patients

are

too

scared

to

go

to

the

doctor
,

even

for

issues

that

aren't

related

to

endometriosis
,

how

is

that

providing

them

with

optimal

care

or

even

standard

care
?

Alanna
19:12

Right
,

I

feel

that

way
.

I

mean
,

I

look

at

and

hear

some

of

the

things

that

have

been

said

to

patients

and

I

think

to

myself

are

you

really

caring

about

your

patient
?

Are

you

just

caring

about

the

bottom

line
?

Are

you

seeing

in

your

research

that

people

are

feeling

the

effects

of

the

bottom

line
,

like

the

providers

being

driven

more

by

money

than

care
?

Is

that

something

that

you

have

looked

at

in

your

research

or

have

seen

maybe

the

effects

of

because

of

the

research

that

you're

doing
?

Allyson
19:39

It's

something

that

I

definitely

wonder

myself
,

specifically

from

my

own

personal

experiences
,

but

also

from

the

research

that

I've

done
,

I

feel

like

clinicians
,

doctors
,

these

days
,

they

lack

interest

and

curiosity

with

patients

and

it's

like
,

well
,

how

can

that

be
?

Because

they're

doctors
,

they're

like

problem

solvers

you

think

of

House

MD
,

like

you

know

the

show
,

but

that's

often

not

what

patients

get
,

you

know
,

it's

almost

seems

like

they

don't

want

to

have

to

engage

with

something

that's

not

algorithmic
,

right
?

Because

that's

what

they're

being

told

is
.

You

know
,

do

you

have

this

symptom
?

Yes

or

no
?

Yes
,

okay
,

go

to

this

next

set

of

questions
.

And

that

leaves

things

very

black

and

white

and
,

you

know
,

if

it

doesn't

fit

within

that

box
,

it's

not

validated

by

clinicians
.

So

we're

the

doctors

who

are

genuinely

interested

in

care

about
,

curious

about

what's

going

on

with

patients

and

just

from

what's

reported
,

they

don't

seem

to

be

yeah
.

And

again
,

like

you

cited

some

reasons

of

why

that

might

be
,

you

know
,

like

concern

for

maybe
,

financial

outcomes

more

than

patient

Navigating Personal and Professional Balance

Allyson
20:43

care
.

Alanna
20:43

How

do

you

balance

doing

the

research

that

you

do

and

your

own

story
?

Because

I'm

sure

at

some

I

mean

it

would

for

me
,

and

there

are

times
,

even

doing

the

podcast

that

when

people

tell

me

their

stories

or

when

I'm

looking

at

certain

stories

it

can

almost

like

trigger

me

back

to

a

place

that

I

have

been

in

the

past
.

How

do

you

prevent

that

from

happening
?

Or

do

you

just

let

it

happen

and

kind

of

work

through

that
,

being

a

patient

yourself

and

then

seeing

what

other

patients

are

going

through
?

Balancing

that

professional

and

the

personal
,

yeah
,

for

me

it's

always

been

difficult
.

Allyson
21:15

So

here
,

in

kind

of

a

less

academic

space
,

I'm

a

lot

more

open

and

like

I

will

disclose

it
.

But

in

my

research

typically

I

don't

you

know
.

For

example
,

I

did

an

interview

study
.

I

introduced

who

I

was
,

this

and

that

I

didn't

say

I

have

endometriosis
.

And

that's

always

something

that

I

struggle

with
,

because

I

want

them

to

know

that

I

understand

a

lot

of

what

they're

experiencing

but

at

the

same

time

I

don't

want

them

to

feel

like

I'm

doing

this

because

I'm

doing

me

search

is

what

we

call

it

in

PhD

programs
.

I

don't

want

them

to

feel

like

I

don't

care

about

them
,

that

this

is

just

a

means

to

an

end

to

understanding

something

that

happened

to

me
,

because

that's

not

the

case
.

But

if

a

patient

will

say
,

well
,

like
,

oh
,

just

curious
,

what

got

you

interested

in

this

research
,

you

know

I'll

disclose

it

but

it

is

a

difficult

thing

and

you

know

you

don't

want

to

be

judged
.

Allyson
22:02

I

want

patients

to

entrust

me

with

their

stories
.

But

I

use

a

lot

of

reflective

listening

and

comprehension

checks

and

words

of

empathy
,

empathy

tokens
,

not

even

for

research
.

But

even

if

I'm

just

writing

an

email

with

a

patient

about

something

you

know

I'll

be

like

that

sounds

really

difficult

or

you

know
,

and

that

can

be

really

frustrating

when

X
,

y
,

z

happens
.

So

I

kind

of

fill

in

what

they

might

be

experiencing
,

because

I

know

what

it

feels

like

and

I

want

them

to

feel

like

they're

understood

and

they're

probably

like

where

is

she

coming

from
,

you

know
,

if

it's

something

that

I

hadn't

disclosed

to

them
.

So

it's

something

that

I'm

still

working

on

finding

a

balance

of

right

now
.

But

again
,

like

I'm

open

on

Instagram
,

I'm

open

on

Twitter
,

I'm

not
,

again

just

because

of

the

types

of

followers

that

I

have
.

So
,

yeah
,

it's

a

difficult

thing

to

navigate

for

me
,

to

be

honest
.

Alanna
22:53

So

do

you

see

a

disparity

amongst

different

nationalities
,

ethnicities
,

races
?

Are

you

seeing

that

in

your

research

as

well
,

or

is

that

something

that

you

haven't

quite

gotten

into

as

much
?

Allyson
23:06

Yeah
,

admittedly

it's

not

something

I've

gotten

as

much

into
.

It's

something

that

I

plan

to

look

at

in

future

work
.

I

am

collaborating

with

some

folks

from

Baylor

College

of

Medicine

and

right

now

we're

interviewing

patients

about

their

diagnostic

journeys
,

essentially

with

endometriosis

and

lupus
,

who

are

specifically

racial
,

ethnic

minorities
,

and

also

looking

at

gender

minorities
,

so

non-binary

folks
,

I

mean
,

it

could

just

be
,

you

know
,

cisgender

females

as

well

but

looking

at

their

experiences
,

but

I

know

that

it

takes

longer

to

get

diagnosed

as

a

racial

minority

patient
,

at

least

for

Black

or

African

American

patients
.

If

you

think

about

the

diagnostic

delay
,

what

it

is

now

the

average

diagnostic

delay

I

like

to

emphasize

the

average

because

it's

just

like

no
,

this

isn't

like

the

upper

limit
,

this

is

like

the

average
,

right
.

If

we

think

about

that
,

we

think

about

the

fact

that

blacks

and

other

racial

minorities

have

largely

been

excluded
,

right
?

Allyson
24:04

So

my

studies

a

lot

of

time

have

like

85%

of

the

sample

is

non-Hispanic
,

white

and

so

like
.

If

we're

calculating

a

diagnostic

delay

of

eight

point

something

years

with

a

largely

well-educated

white

sample
,

what

are

we

going

to

get
?

When

we

look

at

minority

patients

with

regard

to

socioeconomic

status
,

regard

to

race
,

regard

to

gender

identity
,

what

does

that

look

like

and

the

research

just

hasn't

been

done

yet
.

So
,

while

things

are

hopefully

improving

for

your

diagnosis

right

now

and

more

awareness

and

everything
,

the

more

we

include

those

patients
,

I

feel

like

that

number

might

stay

stagnant

because
,

while

the

numbers

might

be

reduced

from

the

awareness

and

maybe

more

training

and

what

have

you
,

as

we're

also

including

more

Blacks
,

racial

minority

patients
,

we're

probably

also

seeing

you

know

what

I

mean
.

Allyson
24:59

So
,

like

that's

research

that

needs

to

be

done
.

And

I

know

I

did

see

on

Instagram
,

like

two

months

ago

I

think

it

was
,

there

was

I

forget

what

university
,

but

they

paired

with

EndoBlack

the

organization

and

I

know

that

they

were

recruiting

for

a

study
.

So

I'm

interested

in

you

know
,

obviously

it's

going

to

take

a

long

time

for

something

to

come

out

and

be

published
,

but

I'd

like

to

see

what

they

got

in

the

results
.

But

we

are

doing

myself

with

some

colleagues

at

Baylor
,

are

doing

that

with

patients

as

well

with

endometriosis
.

So

more

needs

to

be

done
.

Alanna
25:32

For

sure
.

I

feel

like

that's

a

population

that

gets

missed

in

research
,

or

is

that

a

very

low

number
?

It's

not

equally

quantifiable
,

if

you

will
.

It's

very

lopsided

in

research
,

for

not

only

on

the

medical

end

of

things

but

on

the

patient

care

end

of

things
,

I

think

we

miss

that

whole

population

or

don't

make

it

accessible

to

them

to

be

able

to

do

these

research

studies
.

I

think

that's

another

element

of

that

is

it

sounds

like

you

were

able

to

reach

out

outside

of

just

the

network

you

had

and

reached

out

to

other

networks

to

kind

of

provide

you

with

those

participants
.

But

I

don't

think

that's

very

common
.

In

my

understanding

of

it
,

it's

not

super

common

to

reach

out

to

those

organizations
.

It's

more

like

they

gather

these

participants

through

usually

one

pathway
,

not

multiple

pathways
.

Allyson
26:18

Yeah
,

you

know

what

the

thing

with

social

media

is

then

like
,

when

it's

posted

on

an

open

account
,

you

know

it

can

be

shared
,

and

then

it

just

kind

of

snowballs

from

there
.

So

then

again
,

when

we're

thinking

about

racial

minority

patients

who

have

less

access

to

technology
,

we're

missing

probably

those

who

are

on

the

lower

end

of

you

know
,

the

socioeconomic

status
,

Something

that

I've

thought

about

doing
.

I

haven't

done

any

studies

in

a

while

I'm

designing

two

right

now

but

one

thing

that

I

thought

of

is

because

I'm

in

New

Brunswick
,

New

Jersey
,

and

even

Rutgers

itself

is

one

of

the

most

diverse

campuses

in

the

nation

and

I

was

like

maybe
,

like

I

can

recruit

online
,

but

then

also

I

can

go

and

I

encourage

listeners

who

do

research

to

you

know
,

do

this

too
,

especially

if

they

live

in

diverse

areas

Post

ads

with

like

a

QR

code

or

something

in

nail

salons

and

hair

salons
,

where

they're

women-centric

places

in

towns

and

cities

where

we

know

there's

these

racial

minority

patients
,

so

we

can

better

reach

them
.

Alanna
27:21

Oh
,

that's

such

a

great

idea
.

Meeting

people

where

they're

at

is

where

we're

going

to

get

the

best

research
.

How

can

researchers

and

clinicians

collaborate

more

effectively

to

translate

the

scientific

findings

into

patient

care
,

in

your

opinion
?

Allyson
27:36

I

think

patients

need

to

be

included

in

research
,

in

the

research

process
,

which

is

something

that

I've

started

to

do

From

my

field
,

you

know
,

health

communication
.

There

are

health

communication

scholars

who

do

research

on

undergraduate

student

samples

at

large

universities
,

because

that's

what's

convenient

and

I'm

like
,

well
,

if

you're

studying
,

like

health

processes
,

you

really

need

to

be

studying

patients
.

So

I

think

it's

important
.

That's

part

of

why

I

want

to

end

up

in

an

academic

medical

center

or

someplace

where

I

have

access

to

clinics

and

clinicians

and

patients
.

So

I

think

that's

important
.

But

and

then
,

in

terms

of

translating

this
,

I

think

there's

like

some

crazy

number

of

how

long

it

takes

for

something

to

be

realized

and

researched
,

to

be

implemented
.

I

think

it's

like

11

or

12

years

or

something

like

that
.

I

mean

there's

communication

skills

training

for

clinicians
,

and

that's

something

that

you

know

I've

thought

about

down

the

line

for

myself
,

like

once

I

figure

out

what

can

we

do

to

address

this
.

Allyson
28:35

But

we

also

have

to

think

about

clinicians'

preexisting

attitudes

and

beliefs

regarding

endometriosis
,

and

that's

a

study

that

I'm

starting

to

develop

right

now
,

because

even

if

they

have

the

knowledge
,

if

they

have

these

biases

or

if

they

have

misconceptions

about

women
,

so

like

there's

a

study

that

talked

about

clinicians

who

withhold

an

endometriosis

diagnosis

from

patients

because

they

don't

want

them

to

be

worried

or

they

feel

like

they

need

to

protect

them

because

of

concerns

about

fertility
.

Allyson
29:04

Well
,

first

of

all
,

that

is

medical

malpractice
.

So

if

you

ever

find

out

that

happens

to

you
,

you

can

file

a

lawsuit

because

the

National

Academy

of

Medicine
,

its

definition

of

diagnosis

in

there
,

includes

the

communication

of

the

diagnosis

to

the

patient
.

So

if

you're

withholding

diagnosis
,

we

need

to

know

these

things

to

better

understand
,

you

know
,

even

if

they

suspect

endometriosis
,

we

kind

of

need

to

know

that

like

and

how

many

clinicians

have

that
?

So

understanding
,

I

think
,

and

maybe

even

intervening

on

gender

biases
,

racial

biases

that

clinicians

have
,

even

if

they

do

have

medical

knowledge

for

diagnosing

endometriosis
.

So

those

are

things

that

I've

thought

about
.

I

mean

I've

thought

about

a

lot

of

stuff
.

Alanna
29:50

I

can't

do

it

all
.

Allyson
29:50

But

for

other

researchers

too
.

You

know
,

just

promising

lines

of

research
,

I

think

that

to

help

make

change

and

move

things

forward

for

patients

with

endometriosis
.

Alanna
30:03

Yeah
,

and

talking

about

your

research
,

we

didn't

really

touch

on

the

kinds

of

research

you

have

done

so

far
.

What

are

the

names

of

some

of

your

studies

and

your

approach

to

those

studies

as
?

Allyson
30:12

I

mentioned

the

study

that

we

talked

about

before
.

I

actually

conducted

that

in

my

master's

program

and

that

was

a

mixed

methods

online

survey
.

So

that

had

open

and

closed-ended

questions
.

It

was

anonymous
,

it

was

online
.

So

that

had

open

and

closed

ended

questions
.

It

was

anonymous
,

it

was

online
.

So

it

was

a

super

convenient

study

Future Research Directions and Collaboration

Allyson
30:29

.

And

then

I

did

another

study

the

same

type

of

study

online
,

anonymous
,

mixed

method
.

Allyson
30:35

I

wasn't

really

ready

to

do

that
,

but

I

was

taking

a

class

where

we

were

going

to

develop

research

questions

to

be

administered

to

undergraduate

students
,

as

I

was

saying
,

a

lot

of

places

do

because

it's

convenient
.

And

I

was

like
,

hey
,

can

I

actually

just

collect

data

from

patients
?

Because

I

knew

from

that

first

study

that

I

would

be

able

to

probably

get

a

lot

of

responses

within

the

course

of

a

semester
.

So

I

wasn't

quite

ready

to

do

that

yet

because

I

just

got

so

much

data

from

participants
.

But

that

was

the

second

study

I

did
.

And

then

Heather

Goodone

told

me

about

how

the

Endometriosis

Research

Center

was

putting

out

a

call

for

a

small

research

grant

and

she

said

you

should

apply
.

So

you

know
,

I

talked

to

my

PhD

advisor

about

it

and

I

was

like

it

would

be

good

to

have

the

money
,

but

I

said

doing

what

we

do

now

like

we

don't

really

need

the

money
.

So

we

developed

a

study
,

an

interview

study

that

we

could

use

the

money

for

compensating

patients

for
.

It

was

an

interview

based

study
,

basically

about

how

to

improve

how

clinicians

can

best

support

patients

during

diagnosis

and

treatment
,

and

it

talked

about

things

like

do

they

want

them

to

communicate

their

uncertainty

to

them
?

Do

they

want

clinicians

to

acknowledge

and

apologize

for

missing

their

diagnosis
?

I

was

also

trying

to

kind

of

get

at

the

fact

that

not

all

treatment

options

are

presented

to

patients
.

But
,

yeah
,

so

I

did

that

study
.

So
,

like

I

still

am
,

like

I

want

to

publish

this
.

This

is

from

this

first

study
.

That's

from

2017
.

Allyson
32:05

And

then
,

after

a

while
,

your

data

gets

old
.

You

know

there's

just

so

much

and

I

want

to

do

more

to

find

other

people

who

are

doing

this

kind

of

research
,

because

it's

just

too

much

for

me

to

do

on

my

own
.

There's

so

much

to

be

said
.

There's

so

much

data

that

I'm

just

sitting

on
.

That

is

just

like

you

know
.

You're

one

person
.

How

much

can

you

accomplish
?

Allyson
32:24

Basically
,

a

majority

of

my

work

has

focused

on

patient

provider

communication
,

a

little

bit

of

online

community

use

and

how

that

is

influenced

by

the

patient's

relationship

with

clinicians

or

the

care

that

they

are

or

aren't

getting
.

And

I

did

one

study

that

looked

at

how

patients

who

felt

that

their

symptoms

were

invalidated

especially

when

they

felt

like

they

were

being

invalidated

versus

just

their

symptoms

that

was

associated

with

reduced

self-esteem
,

and

then

reduced

self-esteem

was

associated

with

increased

depression
.

So

that

was

just

kind

of

validating

basically

what

we

already

know

from

what's

being

discussed

in

these

online

communities

and

in

advocacy

worlds

and

also

in

a

lot

of

the

qualitative

interviews
,

study-based

work
,

but

I

just

wanted

to

confirm

it

using

quantitative

methods
.

Alanna
33:14

That's

interesting
.

What

are

you

looking

forward

to

as

you

progress

within

your

career
?

What

are

some

more

pressing

research

studies

that

you

are

looking

to

do

that

people

can

maybe

look

forward

to

you

doing
?

If

you

can

share

those
,

I

think

people

would

be

interested

to

understand

just

kind

of

the

direction

you're

going

and

if

they

can

be

part

of

something
,

because

there's

so

many

patients

that

want

to

be

part

of

something

and

they

want

their

voice

to

be

heard

but

don't

know

how

this

may

be

a

really

great

avenue

for

them

to

connect

with

you
.

Allyson
33:43

I

appreciate

that

for

the

plug

by

the

way

yes
.

Allyson
33:47

So

two

projects
,

I

have

three

in

mind
.

I'll

go
.

I'll

try

to

go

pretty

fast

Advocating for Patients and Providers

Allyson
33:52

.

So

the

first

one
,

which

I

already

kind

of

started
,

but

I'm

trying

to

develop

a

self-report
,

patient-reported

measure

of

perceived

invalidation

in

the

healthcare

encounter
.

And

I

want

to

develop

this

because

I

want

to

show

that
,

hey
,

when

this

invalidation

in

the

healthcare

encounter

and

I

want

to

develop

this

because

I

want

to

show

that
,

hey
,

when

this

invalidation

is

higher
,

patient's

depression

is

higher
,

which

is

kind

of

what

I

already

looked

at

but

I

didn't
.

Allyson
34:15

There's

a

whole

process

of

validating
,

a

scale

which

you

know

I

won't

get

into
.

So
,

basically
,

just

being

able

to

quantitatively
,

not

that

qualitative

and

when

I

say

qualitative

I

mean

like

interviews

and

focus

groups
,

not

that

that's

not

important

but

again
,

thinking

about

where

we

ultimately

want

to

see

the

change
,

which

is

in

clinicians
.

I

personally

believe

they

put

more

merit

in

quantitative

studies
.

Hey
,

if

invalidation

is

statistically

associated

with

increased

depression
,

increased

healthcare

related

anxiety

and

trauma
,

not

reporting

their

symptoms

to

other

people

for

fear

of

what

they're

going

to

say
,

if

we

can

show

that
.

And

then

ultimately
,

what

is

their

quality

of

life

like
?

What

are

their

pain

levels

like

in

the

past

seven

days

or

past

month
?

What's

their

fatigue
,

like

how

many

days

in

the

past

30

days

have

they

missed

work

or

school

from

this
.

Now
,

if

we

can

show

that

they

have

worse

outcomes

again
,

I'm

hoping

to

persuade

providers

that

this

is

something

that

they

need

to

care

about
.

So

that's

one

thing
.

Allyson
35:17

The

next

thing

is

part

of

that
,

basically
,

is

just

fleshing

out

what

are

all

these

negative

outcomes

of

invalidation
.

So

I'm

doing

a

systematic

review

right

now
,

but

it's

only

been

like

two

or

three

that

have

actually

looked

at

the

negative

psychological

harm

on

patients

of

invalidation
.

So

that's

something

that

I

want

to

specifically

ask

patients

about
.

And

something

that's

really

disconcerting

is

that

suicidal

ideation

has

been

mentioned

and

no

patient

should

be

in

that

position
.

And

the

that's

really

disconcerting

is

that

suicidal

ideation

has

been

mentioned

and

no

patient

should

be

in

that

position
.

Allyson
35:47

And

the

other

one

is

a

little

bit

different
,

but

as

I

was

I

think

I

touched

on

it

before

so

I

won't

go

into

great

detail

but

surveying

clinicians
,

so

primarily

like

pediatricians
,

internal

medicine

providers
,

family

medicine

providers
,

obgyns

and

possibly

emergency

department

physicians

on
,

again
,

their

knowledge

of

endometriosis
,

their

attitudes
,

beliefs
,

as

I

was

mentioning

before
,

because

A

I

want

to

show

that

regular

OBGYNs

who

don't

have

specialized

training
,

I

believe

that

their

knowledge

is

going

to

be

comparable

to

general

practitioners
,

and

that

speaks

to

the

lack

of

training

and

I

want

to

be

able

to

demonstrate

that
.

But

then

also

again
,

even

if

you

have

the

knowledge
,

you

know
,

biases
,

misconceptions
,

beliefs

also

impact
.

So

looking

at

those

as

well
.

Alanna
36:41

Oh
,

those

are

going

to

be

good
.

I

can't

wait

to

see

what

you

come

up

with
.

Alanna
36:45

I

feel

like

that's

so

true
.

I

mean
,

gosh
,

I

was

talking

to

a

friend

of

mine

who

went

to

just

her

normal

primary

care

and

she

was

saying

that

he

had

more

knowledge

than

most

any

other

doctor

or

specialist

that

she

had

seen
,

because

he

was

looking

at

a

more

complete

picture

and

not

just

like

a

specialized

area
,

and

so

he

was

able

to

put

pieces

together

for

her

or

bring

up

potential

pieces

prior

to

her

even

having

to

say

anything
,

even

though

she

had

her

knowledge

of

what

was

going

on
.

He

brought

it

up

and

was

like

have

you

ever

considered
?

Have

you

ever
?

So

I

think

that's

going

to

be

a

really

fascinating

study
.

I

think

that

would

be

really

interesting

to

see
.

Allyson
37:22

Yeah
,

so

I've

been

emailing

some

folks

who

might

be

able

to

help

out

and

that's

what

I

want

to

do

as

part

of

the

project

that

I'm

doing

for

my

fellowship

right

now
.

But

you

know

I

also

want

to
.

I

was

like

can

I

do

two

projects
?

And

he

said

yes
.

He

said

yes
,

but

just

like
,

again
,

there's

so

much

work

that

needs

to

be

done
,

it's

just

like

impossible

to

choose
.

Alanna
37:43

Yeah
,

it's

so

cool

to

see

just

that

you're

taking

this

on

and

I'm

hopeful

that

other

people

can

see

the

value

in

doing

research

like

this

and

the

impacts

that

it

can

make

and

young

fellowship

people

coming

up

and

seeing

this

and

wanting

to

do

more

research
.

I

think

it's

going

to

take

more

people

doing

it
,

but

it's

the

initial

step

and

the

initial

people

stepping

in

to

say

I'm

going

to

fill

this

space

with

validation

and

we're

going

to

look

at

different

components

of

this

disease

or

this

chronic

illness

that

is

going

to

change

the

narrative

of

care

for

those

chronic

illnesses
.

So

I

applaud

you

for

doing

that
.

Allyson
38:15

Thank

you
,

thank

you
,

and

if

anyone's

listening

wants

to
,

is

a

researcher

who

wants

to

collaborate
,

I

am

more

than

willing
.

As

a

researcher

who

wants

to

collaborate
,

I

am

more

than

willing

because

I

think

that's

how

we're

going

to

make

progress

is

if

we

all

stick

together

and

work

together

on

these

projects
.

I

think

that's

how

we're

really

going

to

move

this

forward
.

Alanna
38:34

Absolutely
.

I

would

agree

with

that
.

Community

is

key
,

right
,

and

whether

it's

a

patient

community

or

a

professional

community

or

a

chronic

illness

community
,

all

coming

together
,

that's

what

makes

the

movement

happen
.

So

I'm

excited

to

see

what

that

brings

in

your

future
.

For

that
,

thank

you
,

alison
,

so

much

for

joining

me

and

communicating

that

and

for

your

passion

and

just

thinking

outside

of

the

typical

box

of

research
.

I

appreciate

that
.

Thank

you

so

much
.

Allyson
38:59

Oh
,

thanks

so

much

for

having

me

and

thanks

for

your

service

with

your

podcast
.

Alanna
39:03

Absolutely
,

it's

my

pleasure
.

Well
,

until

next

time
,

everyone
,

continue

advocating

for

you

and

for

those

that

you

love
.

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